March 10, 2010
?? The giant panda is one of China''s most ancient creatures, as early as there are human beings before they are living in this wonderful planet, scientists and archaeologists have been hailed as paleontology, a "living fossil." Like many things, like cognition, human understanding of the giant panda is also gradually shape, from ancient to modern, to the domestic to international, giant panda to the ancient gesture of a little moved by the same people in the world, eventually won the love of people around the world. A zoologist like praising the former Soviet Union panda: "The giant panda is unique in the world of wild animals, genuine gems, it is very beautiful, unconventional , and amazing animals \ The value of biological history, and far-reaching significance.
before the ancestors of the giant panda panda
in the back some 800 million years ago during the Late Miocene, the Earth already had on the footprints of the giant panda. The giant panda is now the time of the ancestors of the giant panda, and their half of the body is the only giant panda, scientists and archaeologists have been named as the "beginning of Panda." Panda Bear from the beginning to be evolved from animals, the appearance of the fox as obesity, to meat-based, living in Yunnan, Lu Feng Yuanmou and the edge of tropical forest regions. Where the climate hot and humid, but also for forest Australopithecus, gorillas, great apes, and spotted the dog mane life, beginning with the pandas with their widely distributed in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. 织梦好，好织梦
< br /> from the beginning the evolution of a panda called Grant''s often sprawling suburb panda, found in today''s Hungary and France and other places in moist forest, extinct in the late Miocene. Panda''s main branch only in the central and southern China continued to evolve, one of which date back some 300 million years in the early stage of the Pleistocene, its size is only half the current giant panda, whose fossils have been named as a small species of giant pandas. Relevant experts from the smaller species of giant panda tooth fossil speculated that they had already been evolved and the omnivorous animals eat bamboo. Took about 200 million years, a small species of giant pandas began to sub-tropical moist forest extension, and replace only panda is widely distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi and Sichuan.
panda race gradually adapted to subtropical in the bamboo forests of living after the body began to increase, their populations of about 50-70 million years ago in the Pleistocene and late to reach peak. This time, a small species of giant pandas in the Beijing Zhoukoudian is widely distributed to the south of the vast region, and even Vietnam, Myanmar and Thailand have found the fossils. At that time with the pandas to live with the small kinds of animals there are saber-toothed tigers, saber-toothed elephant, as well as Peking Man, the South ape. In the Middle and Late Pleistocene, the natural environment changed dramatically in the south of the Qinling Mountains and its big area of glaciers, especially in the back some 1.8 million years ago the Quaternary Ice Age, the saber-toothed tigers, Makeup, saber-toothed elephant all of extinction, large panda from extinction in the north, in the south is also a sharp narrowing of the distribution area into the history of recession. 内容来自dedecms
Panda alias Color
historical materials of the ancients left behind on the giant panda records can be traced back three to four thousand years ago. For thousands of years, people''s understanding of the giant pandas have been several significant changes took place, and this corresponds to, they are not the same name for the giant panda.
giant panda in ancient times than now wide distribution range, all parts of the method call is not the same as giant pandas, add up to about several ten brave troops, tapirs, speechless, Zou Yu, bamboo bear, polar bear, flower iron beasts such as bears and food is one of the most widely used.
In modern times, people have been called the giant panda panda panda or large. Before the liberation of Chinese characters to write the book straight way, from right to left reading, recognizing and reading the book changed to horizontal mode exactly the opposite. The first one to introduce to the public panda museum in writing indicate the title is used directly by letter and at a time when visitors have been accustomed to reading from left to right recognition method, so that all misread as a panda. Over time, people put the panda had completely changed its name to Panda. dedecms.com
panda alias still large raccoons, China bear, bamboo bear, silver and dogs. They call for large raccoons, and raccoons because of their close relatives, but posture than the raccoon large; call them Chinese bear, because they are Chinese endemic species; bamboo bear the origin of the name because they feed on bamboo; Silver dog called this earth more interesting, it is because the origin of the people in the lesser panda lesser panda is called the golden dog, dip the light red pandas, giant pandas have become what they see as "Silver Dog."
< br /> However, in the giant panda''s hometown, people are more or the giant panda is called the polar bear, white bear Laoxiong or flowers.
ancients in the eyes of today''s "National Treasure"
in our history, the legendary giant panda is a strong animal. Ancient historical materials left behind, there are many records on the giant panda.
According to "Records of the Historian? five emperors recorded" in records, in more than 4,000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor led his tribe in the hillside spring (now in Henan Guru County) victory over the Yan Emperor and his tribe, the secret of winning is because they use domesticated tiger, leopard, bear, Pi Xiu (panda), etc. beast army. In the more than 3,000 years ago, "Book of History" and "Book of Songs" is also clearly recorded in the mythical wild animal skin (panda skin) is a tribute to the Emperor''s treasures. People at that time that the PI is a mighty beast, like Butch Cassidy and the same, they want to brave as brave as brave troops, and even armies when they name of "PI" and "Xiu" on the cover in order to shock and military might. To the Spring and Autumn Period, "Shan Hai Jing" the giant panda was surreptitious recording of a surprise, that the giant panda sharp teeth that can chew metallurgy, called them to "eat iron beast." 织梦好，好织梦
this misconception is very absurd, so that people are still convinced that the future Qin tapir is "beast." To the Han Dynasty period, the palace were also kept in Shanglin Parkland where tapir stocking for the emperor hunting, and that the success of hunting to the tapir as a courageous performance.
Jin began, people''s understanding of the giant panda has changed dramatically. Western Jin Dynasty were the giant panda is called "Zou Yu," that the Zou-yu eat bamboo, not harm other animals, so it benefits as a symbol of good-neighborly and friendly animals. Western Jin Dynasty in the middle of the warring armies, if the party holding the words "Zou Yu," the word banner, is to represent the sum of the cessation of hostilities.
At this point, the ancients seem to be to stop indiscriminate hunting of giant pandas, and may be their approach is better for those who are now disappointed with the protection of animals. By the Tang Dynasty, and even Empress Wu have done to scores of a complete tapir skin to give the Japanese emperor thing. < br /> 织梦内容管理系统
highly respected modern man in the writings of Li''s "Compendium of Materia Medica \.
Westerners panda''s illegal exploitation of the
Today, in some of the world famous giant pandas can see inside the Museum of Natural History specimens. Western access to these specimens and prepare specimens, giant pandas living giant panda is illegal ways, and they hunt the giant panda activities began in 1869 and beyond.
1869, sets naturalist and missionary David dual identity as a priest to giant pandas presented to the Western world. This is in the West launched a wide range of "panda fever." After 100 years, many Western zoologists, and other explorers and travelers entering China from various sources one after another, have wanted such a lovely animal unique to China.
German Weigeerde in 1916 in Wenchuan capture a juvenile giant pandas, becoming the first Western person who has a living giant panda. Panda foreigners caught up to Smith, the United Kingdom, he spent producing areas in China''s giant pandas for 20 years, only from 1936 to 1938, he bought at high prices in the Wenchuan live panda 12. The 12 giant pandas was removed several times, only 6 lucky to live to the United Kingdom. 内容来自dedecms
open hunting giant pandas in China, set a precedent for the West is the US President Roosevelt ' 's two sons. In 1928, the small brother, Roosevelt did not capture Baoxing County in Sichuan giant panda, arrived in today''s more the West County. In the more western counties, the brothers also shot and killed an adult female giant panda.
into modern times, the first live giant panda out of China is a young American woman, her name is Ruth? Hakenasi. Ruth''s husband is a zoologist and explorer, he married soon came to China to capture pandas, giant pandas do not enter the place of origin, died on the way on. For the completion of the husband wishes, Ruth brought two American-born Chinese, into the search for giant pandas in Sichuan. Finally, Ruth in the folder under the bamboo Jinshan found a giant panda born at about the 30-day cub. Only cubs less than two pounds, was put into a bamboo basket easily. Customs to examine goods were accepted Ruth''s two dollars a bribe, in carrying the goods to write a column to "carry a lap dog \ Ruth the only red panda named" Su Lin \ "Su Lin" has become the star of Chicago every day people come to appreciate its hosting the Games reached more than 40,000. 本文来自织梦
"Su Lin" in the Western world has triggered a new round of panda fever. According to statistics, from 1936 to 1941, only the United States from China in hunting of nine giant pandas live. From 1869 to 1946, the foreign countries more than 200 million people visited China panda distribution area, to do with the research, to capture specimens of giant pandas, and related things. Only from 1936 to 1946 10 years, shipped out from China live up to 16 pandas.
pandas living habits and the survival of the status quo
"National Treasure" the geographical distribution of giant pandas, mainly in China''s Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu region Minshan, Qionglai mountains, Qinling, Liangshan and phase Ridge Hill, five mountain ranges. Giant pandas naturally withdrawn, insular, scattered living alone in the dense bamboo in these areas, as in bamboo Kiyotaka the hermit.
Panda addicted to drink, often a home in a place away from the water near. Some pandas live far away from the water, once, after finding water, they will drink, like a drunken Tanjiu as Buzuibugui. As the Body fat, giant panda gives the feeling is often clumsy, and slow to. In fact, the giant panda is nothing stupid, which everybody is a tree-climbing master. Ancestors of the giant panda panda is the only predators and trees be extremely beneficial to the prey, but also to avoid predators. The main natural enemies of giant pandas is golden cats, jackals, leopards, and Yellow-throated Marten, cubs, and the frail older person will suffer a fatal attack. Young giant pandas Tizhuang ferocious ancestors inherited temperament, once angered it will brave fight back. In addition to natural enemies, together with the giant pandas live in bamboo forests in animals, there are golden monkey, takin and red pandas. They do not conflict with requirements of food, most of the time be able to live together in peace. Small number of "bloody" event, often panda "provoke" in China. 织梦内容管理系统
Bamboo is a low-nutrition, low-energy food to bamboo as the main food of giant pandas in order to survive, often taken to minimize the scope of activities and activity levels and lifestyle more rest to reduce energy consumption. Equal stature with other predators compared to the minimum scope of activities of the giant panda. Each panda takes about 4-7 square kilometers, is the scope of activities bear 1 / 4 to 1 / 7. Panda of the day most of the time used for feeding, rest of the time essentially for the rest. Both before and after child-birth in the female panda eating bamboo , sometimes a long time to break the law, to carrion and bones showed strong interest. Of protected areas in the giant panda lives of local people, on the golden monkey had seen pandas prey.
panda cold- resistant, resistant to moisture, never dormant, even in the snowy winter, they still comfortable cruise in the bamboo forests.
giant pandas living in the wild, the average life expectancy is about 15 years old. Each spring into the rut period, the single giant pandas has been a long time before breaking the regional boundaries, and mutual exchanges. Grew up in the wild, female giant pandas to the 6.5-year-old the first time in heat, while the giant panda in captivity is relatively precocious puberty, a 3.5-year-old started falling in love. Later development of male giant panda, delayed estrus period of up to 1-2 years than females. Enter estrus period, the giant panda has been quietly showed a restless appearance, violently grabbing bites branch, will branch biting or clear scratches left on the trunk. They also rubbed on the anal gland secretions of the roots, the rock on the surface, or prominent to the same odor signals, informed of their exact location. Sometimes they would send their calls, singing courtship song Love Song. dedecms.com
female giant panda gestation period of 3-5 months pregnant in spring and autumn litter. Quasi-panda mother will find a dark leeward of tree holes or caves, a small amount of bamboo and leaves the shop on the inside, and then patiently waiting to meet with the kids. Newly-born panda average only about 100 grams of weight, the skin smooth and hairless, like a deaf and blind mice. Slightly larger in size mammals, only the kangaroos give birth to such a hairless little earners, but the kangaroo child-care kits, giant pandas do not. This is objectively determine the lower the survival rate of giant panda cub.
panda cubs grow up to a month or so before birth to black and white hair, weight gain to 1 kilogram. In another two months, the little fellow began to toddler, and normal visual development. Stayed six months of age, pups body weight reached 13 kg, started learning to eat bamboo and wild, the ability to earn a living. At least one year of age, the pups weighs 40 kilograms, to one and a half hours to 50 kg. At this point , Panda cubs will be living alone, panda mother will enter a new round of estrus. 织梦内容管理系统
Even as a young panda who must find their own territory, but they will not be too far away from the mother, there are a lot of time is a total overlapping area, and even the activities of the core of the region often rely on very near the close relationship between mother and child.
critically endangered giant panda is already in a state of wild populations of less than 1,000.
now than in the past, the giant panda habitat has been reduced by 4 / 5, is now the only remaining one thousand square kilometers is also distributed in more than 30 county, their habitats face serious fragmentation and fragmentation. This is less than 1,000 wild giant pandas divided into 20 small, isolated populations. This situation would reduce the genetic diversity of giant pandas, resulting in giant panda adaptation, reproduction, resistance to disease , the declining ability to more easily make it fall into an extremely endangered situation.
although the authorities greatly strengthened the promotion and protection of giant pandas, there are still a small number of people desperate to carry out poaching , smuggling and illegal activities of the giant panda. This giant panda breeding populations pose a mortal threat to the protection giant pandas is still long way to go. 织梦内容管理系统
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